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Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2003) - Reunion (2001)

Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2003) z Reunion (2001)

 French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2003)Reunion (2001)
 French Southern and Antarctic LandsReunion
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure - 0-14 years:
32.07% (male 120,259; female 114,669)

15-64 years:
62.25% (male 224,347; female 231,698)

65 years and over:
5.68% (male 16,892; female 24,705) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports none (2002) 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 7,829 sq km


land: 7,829 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US		 total:
2,512 sq km

land:
2,502 sq km

water:
10 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840. The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate - 21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
NA

expenditures:
NA
Capital - Saint-Denis
Climate antarctic tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline 1,232 km 207 km
Constitution - 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands


conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands


local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises


local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises		 conventional long form:
Department of Reunion

conventional short form:
Reunion

local long form:
none

local short form:
Ile de la Reunion

former:
Bourbon Island
Currency - French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Death rate - 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Francois GARDE (since 24 May 2000), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA) overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of France) none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of France) none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion. The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption - 1.023 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 1.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
54.55%

hydro:
45.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m		 lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996)

head of government:
President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports - $214 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports - commodities - sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners - France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of France is used the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3.8% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates 43 00 S, 67 00 E 21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean -
Highways - total:
2,724 km

paved:
1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)

unpaved:
1,424 km

note:
370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Imports - commodities - manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners - France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Independence - none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate - 8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 60 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force - 261,000 (1995)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
Languages - French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply French law
Legislative branch - unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5

note:
Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
72.93 years

male:
69.53 years

female:
76.49 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
76%

female:
80% (1982 est.)
Location southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land" Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Antarctic Region World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only


territorial sea: 12 NM		 exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,596,194 GRT/5,924,475 DWT


ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 4, chemical tanker 14, container 15, liquefied gas 5, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 17, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2, France 62, Japan 3, Monaco 1, Norway 5, Sweden 1 (2002 est.)		 total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT

ships by type:
chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
190,846 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
97,497 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
6,243 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality - noun:
Reunionese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Reunionese
Natural hazards Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources fish, crayfish fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.)


note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2003 est.)		 732,570 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.57% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 173,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis

domestic:
modern open wire and microwave radio relay network

international:
radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 236,500 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 85,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations - 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain volcanic mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate - 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 42.8% (1998)
Waterways none none
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